High fluid shear strain causes injury in silver shark: Preliminary implications for Mekong hydropower turbine design

The Lower Mekong Basin is facing unprecedented threats to fish diversity from hydropower development. There is increasing pressure on developers and construction authorities to design solutions to improve fish survival through turbines, thus protecting the resources in regions being developed for hydropower. A hydraulic characteristic of hydropower turbines with known fisheries impacts is fluid shear stress. Elevated shear stress occurs where rapidly flowing water passes near spillways, screens and within turbine draft tubes. Shear stress can have adverse impacts on fish, but no work has assessed whether this holds true for Mekong River species. A flume was used to determine critical tolerances of silver shark, Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker), to shear stress rates at a high‐velocity jet which simulated a hydropower turbine. Fish were assessed for injury or mortality following exposure. Results were compared against a no‐shear control. Injury and mortality were greater at higher shear stress exposures. Injuries occurred at all shear exposure levels with mortality at shear levels higher than 600/s. This approach should help design future hydropower turbines if data on other species demonstrate similar results. If the likelihood of adverse impact is high, then shear stress will need to be considered in the design of future hydropower facilities.     

机电设备安装的现场深化设计与施工

我国机电设备运营系统凸显了一系列问题,在很大程度上制约了其发展。文章通过对机电设备安装的论述,分析了现场深化的要求和作用,总结出机电设备安装的现场深化设计与施工的注意事项。     

环保包装及环保包装的设计

在当今社会,包装扮演着越来越重要的角色.本文从实际出发,阐述了环保包装的重要性,环保包装是未来包装行业的发展趋势.文章从包装材料、设计等方面进一步阐明了环保包装的设计理念、设计方法,并且明确了作为设计师的职责及作为社会公民应具有环保意识.环保的设计理念必将成为未来包装行业的核心理念,环保、绿色包装是时代发展的必然要求.     

基于合成法的定位误差的分析与计算

为保证机床夹具设计的可靠性,定位误差的计算是机床夹具设计过程中必不可少的重要环节之一。为此从定位误差的产生机理出发,介绍了定位误差的概念、产生原因,并给出计算公式,有助于快速实现定位误差的求解。     

设计阶段平面交叉口安全评价方法研究与应用

基于一种不依赖交通事故和交通冲突数据的事前安全评价方法——安全服务水平评价方法,分析了影响公路平面交叉口安全服务水平的客观因素,建立了设计阶段安全评价模型。结合江苏省临海高等级公路的平交口数据进行实例验证,提出了设计阶段平交口安全评价方案及优化流程,改善效果明显。     

基于正交设计的糙条消能工评价方法

在新疆635溢洪道整治工程研究的基础上,基于正交设计原理,对溢洪道布置糙条消能工进行6因素3水平的正交试验,试验测得18种组合典型断面的瞬时流速和水深;通过对弯道微元化处理的方法,建立了质量离散系数C_m模型,并结合消能率η对试验结果进行了极差分析;考虑到建立导流效果评价方法的普适性,定义量纲一因子R_d和R_s,对布置参数与工程参数之间的相关性做了进一步分析.结果表明:质量离散系数C_m能够客观地反映糙条消能工的导流效果;就C_m指标影响程度而言,工程参数较布置参数的影响程度占主导地位,在实际工程中,工程参数的确定应充分考虑水流形态;由于R_d和R_s均是量纲一参数,因此在一般整流工程导流效果的评价方法上具有普适性.     

大功率气体发动机电子节气门设计与研究

以大功率气体发动机的电子节气门为研究对象,对其进行了系统的设计和研究。在分析电子节气门机械结构的基础上,建立了电子节气门数学模型,采用冗余设计思想设计了双H桥电子节气门驱动电路。采用增量式PID控制算法对电子节气门开度进行精确的闭环控制。实验结果表明,设计的电子节气门系统鲁棒性好,具有很好的响应性和稳定性,能满足大功率气体发动机的性能需求。     

传统图形元素在食用菌包装创意设计中的运用

通过研究食用菌包装中传统图形元素的创意设计,可以使食用菌产品与现代消费者的需求更加贴合,进一步拓展食用菌消费市场。融合地域特色传统文化,满足现代人的审美观念,对传统图形元素进行有效创新,并使用科学的方法进行设计,更好的凸显地域特色文化内涵。     

Lactation-related mammary gland pathologies—A neglected emergency in the bitch

Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.